“The Pedagogical Holistic Model of New Literacies (Karkar Esperat, 2019) aids teachers in differentiating instruction using multiliteracies—different
modalities and literacy approaches. Integrating new literacies(technologies) and various modes of literacy offers a comprehensive and mindful instructional approach. According to the New London Group(1996), these modes include linguistic (text-based meaning), audio (sound effects), visual (images and mental visuals), spatial (spatial communication), and gestural (bodily movement), as well as synesthesia (a switch between different modes, such as using visuals, sound effects, language, or body language, to demonstrate concepts learned individually or in a group). Teachers are encouraged to employ diverse literacy approaches to connect learning to students’ identities.” (Karkar-Esperat,2025b, p. 6).